LOCUS OF CONTROL, INNOVATION, PERFORMANCE OF THE BUSINESS PEOPLE IN THE SMALL BUSINESS AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES IN SOUTH SULAWESI

Authors

  • Muh. Rum

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v15i3.108

Keywords:

Locus of Control, Innovation, and Performance of SMEs

Abstract

Locus of control has been seen as an important factor in boosting the business performance.Beside, it can also be used as the trigger to enhance the business survival. However, so far,there has no any study especially analyzing this factor in a specific situation such as in Smalland Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The research aims tries to analyze the influence of Locus ofControl, innovation ability on the performance of small medium industry in south Sulawesi.Practically, this research was conducted using survey with purposive sampling on industrialSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Sulawesi, then conducting a clustering onfour regions in northern, southern, eastern, and western areas which were centralized inMakassar municipality. The data were collected by interview and questionnaire to 200 industrialSME owners. Technical analysis data run by use of Structural Equation Model (SEM).The result in, points out that by reinforcing potential Locus of Control can stimulate the increasingof Innovation, and increases the performance of SMEs industry. The reinforcementof Locus of Control can be conducted by increasing memory ability, innovation ability, andPerformance, in terms of employee productivity, ability, and skill.

Author Biography

Muh. Rum

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Publik Makassar

References

Acs, ZJ & Audretsch, DB 1990, Innovation

and Small Firms, The MIT Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts.

Arbuckle, 2006, Amos 7.0 User’s Guide, Chicago,

IL: SPSS Inc.

Asdar, and Syamsu Alam, 2002, Sektor Informal,

Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah,

Teori praktik, dan Strategi Pengembangan, Hasanuddin Univer-sity

Press, Makassar.

Asta, P and Jurga D 2006, ‘CEOs’ entrepreneurship

in relation to reaction to organizational

change’, Engineering Economics,

ISSN 1392-2785 6. No 2 (47).

BAPPEDA, 2009, Informasi pembangunan

Sulawesi Selatan 2008, Pemerintah

Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar.

Beaver, G & Jennings, P 2000, ‘Small business,

entrepreneurship and enterprise

development’, Strategic Change, 9 (7),

-403.

Blanchflower, D, and Oswald, A 1998, ‘What

makes an entrepreneur?’, Journal of Labor

Economics, 16(1), 26-60.

Bonnett, C, and Furnham, A 1991, ‘Who

wants to be an entrepreneur? A study of

adolescents interested in a young enterprise

scheme’, Journal of Economic

Psychology, 12(3): 465-478.

Boone, C, B, De Brabander, and J, Hellemans,

, ‘Research Note: CEO Locus of

Control and Small Firm Performance’,

Organization Studies, 21(3), 641-646.

Boone, C, B, De Brabander, and Van Witteloostuijn,

A 1996, ‘CEO locus of control

and small firm performance: An integrative

framework and empirical test’,

Journal of Management Studies, 33:

-699.

Bosma, N, Van Praag, M, Thurik, T, and Wit,

G 2004, ‘The value of human and social

capital investments for the business performance

of startups’, Small Business

Economics, 23, 227-236.

Boydston, Morris, Hopper, Lisa, and Wright,

Alan, 2007, Locus of Control and Entrepreneurs

in a Small Town, Rich

Mountain Community College and

Henderson State University, USA.

Broadbent, DE, Cooper, PF, Fitzgerald, P, and

Parkers, KR 1982, The cognitive failure

questionnaire and its correlates, British

General of Clinical Psychology.

Brockhaus, RH 1982, Psychology of the Entrepreneur,

In DL, Sexton Kent, CA,

and KH, Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of

Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 39-71.

Brockhaus, R, and PS, Horwitz, 1986, The

Psychology of the entrepreneur, in the

art and science of entrepreneurship, Ed.

DL, Sexton and RW Smilor, Ballinger:

Cambridge, MA, USA. 25-48.

Brouthers, KD, Andriessen, F, and Nicolaes,

, ‘Driving blind: strategic decisionmakingin

small companies’, Long

Range Planning, 31 (1), 130-138.

Bruderl, J, and Preisendorfer, P 1998, ‘Network

support and success of newly

founded businesses’, Small Business

Economics, 10, 213-225.

Bygrave, W 1993, ‘Theory building in the

entrepreneurial paradigm’, Journal of

Business Venturing, 8 (3), 255-280.

Carver, CS 1997, ‘The internal-external scale

confounds internal locus of control with

expectancies of positive outcomes’, Personality

and Social Psychology Bulletin,

(6), 580-585.

Casson, MC 1982, The entrepreneur: An economic

theory, Oxford.

Che Rose Raduan, Kumar Naresh, Yen Lim

Li, 2006, ‘The dynamic of entrepreneurs

success factors in influencing venture

growth’, Volume II, Issue 2 Special Issue,

Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship

and Sustainability, Graduate School of

Management Universiti Putra Malaysia.

Communion, AL 1993, Anxiety, cognitive interference

and school performance of

Italian children, Psychological Reports.

Cooper, A, Gimeno-Gascon, and Woo, C

, ‘Initial human and financial capital

as predictors of new venture performance’,

Journal of Business Venturing,

, 371-395.

Drucker, P 1985, Innovation and entrepreneurship,

New York: Harper & Row.

Ferdinand, Augusty, 2002, Structural equation

modeling dalam penelitian manajemen,

aplikasi model-model rumit dalam

penelitian untuk tesis magister & disertasi

doktor, BP Undip, Semarang.

Firmansyah, 2008, Reso dan Siri', vitalitas

pantang menyerah, Komentar Label:

Liputanku 7 Oktober.

Gibcus, P, Kemp, and Zoetermeer, RGM

, Research Report H200208 Strategy

and small firm performance, January

Scientific Analysis of Entrepreneurship

and SMEs (SCALES).

Gilad, B 1982, ‘On encouraging entrepreneurship:

An interdisciplinary approach’,

Journal of Behavioral Economics, 11,

-163.

Guimaraes, T, Bond, W 1996, ‘Empirically

assessing the impact of BPR on manufacturing

firms’, International Journal

of Operations & Production Management,

Vol 16, No. 8, 5-28.

Gupta, AK, Govindarajan, V 1984, ‘Business

unit strategy, managerial characteristics,

and business unit effectiveness at strategy

implementation’, Academy of Management

Journal, Vol. 27, 25-41.

Hendrickx, L, Vlek, C, and Calje, H 1992,

‘Effects of frequency and scenario information

on the evaluation of largescale

risks’, Organizational Behavior

and Human Decision Processes, 52:

-275.

Ishiyama, FI, & Munson, PA 1993, Development

and validation of a self critical

cognition scale, Psychological Reports.

Jackson, T, Weiss, KE, & Lundquist JJ 2000,

‘Does procrastination mediate the relationship

between optimism and subsequent

stress?’, Journal of Social Behavior

and Personality, 15(5), 203-212.

Kaufmann, P, and Welsh, D 1995, ‘Locus of

control and entrepreneurship in the Russian

Republic’, Entrepreneurship: Theory

and Practice, 20(l), 43-56.

Kementerian Negara Koperasi dan UKM and

BPS, 2004, Pengkajian dukungan finansial

dan non finansial dalam pengembangan

sentra bisnis usaha kecil dan

menengah, Jakarta: Kementerian

KUKM and BPS Jakarta.

Kementerian Negara Koperasi dan UKM,

, Revitalisasi koperasi dan UKM

sebagai solusi mengatasi pengangguran

dan kemiskinan, Jakarta.

Kemp and Zoetermeer, 2003, Innovation and

firm performance. Scientific analysis of entrepreneurship and SMEs. The research

programme SMEs and Entrepreneurship,

which is financed by the Netherlands

Ministry of Economic Affairs,

ISBN: 90-371-0875-X.

Kendall, PC, and Ingram, RE 1989, Cognitive

behavioral perspectives: Theory and research

on depression and anxiety, In

PC, Kendall & D Watson (Eds) Anxiety

and Depression and Overlapping Features,

San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Kim Hak-Su, 2005, Statement by Dr. Kim

Hak-Su, Under-Secretary-General of

The United Nations and Executive Secretary

of United Nations Economic and

Social Commission for Asia and The

Pacific (UNESCAP) Joint Event for

World SMEs, Forum and World Trade

Point Federation General Assembly

Meeting, 7 November 2005, Bangkok.

Lawrence S, et al, 2005, ‘Shift work locus of

control, situational and behavioral effects

on sleepiness and fatigue in shift

workers’, Industrial Health, Institute of

Psychological Sciences, University of

Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, 43, 151–

Lee, Sungjoo, 2008, Open innovation in

SMEs, Open Innovation Workshop, 22nd

& 23rd, University of Cambridge.

Lee, DY, and EWK, Tsang, 2001, ‘The effects

of entrepreneurial personality, background

and network activities on venture

growth’, Journal of Management

Studies, 38(4), 583-602.

Lefcourt, HM 1982, Locus of Control: Current

trends in theory and research, Helsead,

New York.

Leitão, João, and Franco, Mário, 2008, Individual

entrepreneurship capacity and

performance of SMEs. Online at

http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8179/

MPRA Paper No. 8179, posted 09. April

, University of Beira Interior,

Portugalmfranco@ubi.pt.

Low, MB, & MacMillan, IC 1988, ‘Entrepreneurship:

Past research and future challenges’,

Journal of Management, 14(2),

-161.

Lumpkin, GT, and Erdogan, Berrin, 2006, If

not entrepreneurship, can psychological

characteristics predict entrepreneurial

orientation. A Pilot Study Department

of Managerial Studies, College of Business

Administration University of Illinois

at Chicago,USA.

MacCallum, RC 1986, ‘Specification searches

in covariance structure modeling’, Psychological

Bulletin 100.

Machaba, Rahlagane Phillip, 2003, A Developmental

Study to Investigate Whether a

Formal Education Is a Determinant of

Entrepreneurial Success, Dissertation,

University of Free State Bloemfontein.

Mamlin, N, and Harris, KR, Case, LP 2001,

‘A methodological analysis of research

on locus of control and learning disabilities:

rethinking a common assumption’,

Journal of Special Education,

Winter.

Mattulada, HA 1975, Latoa; Suatu lukisan

analisis terhadap antropologi politik

orang bugis, Disertasi. Universitas Indonesia,

Djakarta.

Mattulada, 1998, Sejarah, masyarakat, dan

kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan, Hasanuddin

University Press, Ujung Pandang.

Neely, Andy, M, Gregory and K, Platts, 1995,

‘Performance measurement systems design:

a literature review and research

agenda’, International Journal of Operations

and Production Management,

Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 80-116.

Neely, Andy, 1999, ‘The performance management

revolution: why now and what

next?’, International Journal of Operations

and Production management, Vol.

No. 2, pp. 205-228.

Nwachukwu, OC 1995, ‘CEO locus of control,

strategic planning, differentiation,

and small business performance: A test

of a path analytic model’, Journal of

Applied Business Research, 11: 9-14.

Othman, N and Ishak, S 2009, ‘Attitude towards

choosing a career in entrepreneurship

amongst graduates’, European

Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 10, Number 3 (2009) 419.

Pennings, L, Lee, A, and Witteloostuijn, V

, ‘Human capital, social capital, and

firm dissolution’, Academy of Management

Journal, 425-440.

Perry, C 1990, ‘After further sightings of the

heffalump’, Journal of Managerial Psychology,

, 22-31.

Porter, Michael, E 1985, Competitive advantage:

creating and sustaining superior

performance, The Free press, New

York.

Rafinaldy, Neddy, 2004, Prospek pengembangan

ekspor UKM, Infokop, Nomor 25

Tahun XX, Jakarta.

Rotter, JB 1966, Generalized expectancies for

internal versus external control of reinforcement,

Psychological Monographs,

General and Applied, 80 (Whole No.

.

Sapp, S, and Harrod, W 1993, ‘Reliability and

validity of a brief version of Levenson's

locus of control scale’, Psychological

Reports, 72, 539-550.

Sarason, IG, Sarason, BR, Keefe, DF, Hays,

BE, and Shearin, EN 1986, ‘Cognitive

interference: Situational determinants,

trait and characteristics’, Journal of Personality

and Social Psychology.

Sarason, IG, Sarason, BR, & Pierce, GR 1995,

Cognitive interference at the intelligencepersonality

crossroads. In D. Saklofske

and M. Zeidner (Eds.), International

handbook ofpersonality and intelligence,

NewYork, Plenum.

Sharma, P and Chrisman, JJ 1999, ‘Toward a

reconciliation of the definitional issues

in the field of corporate entrepreneurship’,

Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice,

(3), 11-27.

Spector, PE 1982, ‘Behavior in organizations

as a function of employee’s locus of

control’, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.

, no. 3.

Stewart, WH, WE,Watson, JC, Carland and

JW, Carland, 1999, ‘A proclivity for entrepreneurship:

a comparison of entrepreneurs,

small business owners, and

corporate managers’, Journal of Business

Venturing, 14(2), 189-214.

Stuart, R, and Abetti, P 1990, ‘Impact of entrepreneurial

and management experience

on early performance’, Journal of

Business Venturing, 5, 151-162.

Tanaka, JS 1987, ‘How big is big enough

sample size and goodness of fit in structural

equation models with latent variables’,

Child Development, 58, 134–

Van, Praag, C 2003, ‘Business survival and

success of young small business owners:

An empirical analysis’, Small Business

Economics, Vol. 21(1), August, 1-17.

Van, Zuuren, FJ, and Wolfs, HM 1991, ‘Styles

of information seeking under threat:

Personal and situational aspects of

monitoring and blunting’, Personality

and Individual Difference, 12 (2): 141-

Wang, C, Rowe, M and Cripps, H 2006, Collaborative

commerce for SMEs: Field

data relating to c-commerce adoption -

A report to industry partners as part of

the research project 'Collaborative

commerce for SMEs in regional knowledge

networks, Edith Cowan University

Perth, WA.

Ward, EA 1993, ‘Motivation of expansion

plans of entrepreneurs and small business

managers, Journal of Small Business

Management, 31(1), 32-38.

Wheatley, W, Anthony, W, and Maddox, E

, ‘Selecting and training strategic

planners with imagination and creativity’,

Journal of Creative Behavior, 25,

Wilbert, Caroline, 2007, What does innovation

mean? Find out at WITI, Conference

first published August 2007 Back to

Career & Money : Work: Career Planning.

Download 15 September 2008.

Youndt, M, Subramaniam, M, and Snell, S

, ‘Intellectual capital profiles: An

examination of investments and returns’,

Journal of Management Studies, 41 (2),

-361.

Downloads

Published

2013-12-01

How to Cite

Rum, M. (2013). LOCUS OF CONTROL, INNOVATION, PERFORMANCE OF THE BUSINESS PEOPLE IN THE SMALL BUSINESS AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES IN SOUTH SULAWESI. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 15(3), 373–388. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v15i3.108